Fes

Overview

Fes is a northeastern city in Morocco that many regard as the country’s heart. In it, Fes El Bali is considered the ancient walled medina, blending medieval Marinid architecture along with vigorous souks against an extreme historic background. A person can count religious schools like the 14th-century Bou Inania and Al Attarine madrasas, reputated for beautiful carvings in cedar wood and great tile works.

Sights

Map

Info

Fes is one of the most historically significant cities in Morocco, often called the “spiritual and cultural capital” of the country. Located in the northeastern part of Morocco, Fes is known for its rich history, architecture, and cultural heritage. Here’s some detailed information about the city:

1. Historical Significance:

  • Founded in the 9th century by Idris I, Fes is one of the oldest cities in the world and has been a center for culture, religion, and learning throughout its history.
  • It has served as the capital of Morocco on multiple occasions, particularly during the rule of the Marinid dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries.
  • Fes is home to the University of Al-Qarawiyyin, which was established in 859 AD and is considered by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records to be the oldest existing, continually operating educational institution in the world.

2. Fes El Bali (The Old Medina):

  • Fes El Bali is the most iconic part of the city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is a labyrinth of narrow streets, ancient buildings, and vibrant markets.
  • The medina is completely car-free and is famous for its medieval Marinid architecture, bustling souks, and traditional artisan workshops where goods like leather, metalwork, and ceramics are crafted.
  • Notable attractions within Fes El Bali include the Bou Inania Madrasa, the Al Attarine Madrasa, and the Chouara Tannery, one of the oldest leather tanneries in the world.

3. Cultural and Religious Importance:

  • Fes is often seen as Morocco’s spiritual heart, with a deep connection to Islamic culture. The city has numerous mosques, madrasas (religious schools), and ziyarahs (pilgrimage sites).
  • Zaouia of Moulay Idris II, the mausoleum of the city’s founder, is a major pilgrimage site.
  • The city’s religious schools, such as the Bou Inania Madrasa and the Al Attarine Madrasa, are known for their exquisite craftsmanship, with elaborate tile work, stucco, and cedar wood carvings.

4. Modern Fes:

  • Beyond the old medina, Fes has a modern district known as Fes el-Jdid, which houses the Jewish Quarter (Mellah) and some of the city’s newer amenities and infrastructure.
  • Fes el-Jdid was built in the 13th century but is more spacious and modern than Fes El Bali. It is home to the Royal Palace and the Jewish cemetery.

5. Art and Crafts:

  • Fes is renowned for its traditional handicrafts, particularly Moroccan pottery and tilework (zellige), leather goods, and intricate metalwork. Many of these goods are produced using methods that have remained unchanged for centuries.
  • The city’s tannery industry, especially the Chouara Tannery, is a major tourist draw. Here, leather is treated and dyed using traditional methods.

6. Food and Cuisine:

  • Fes is famous for its rich culinary tradition, influenced by centuries of Berber, Arab, and Andalusian cultures.
  • Some iconic dishes from Fes include B’stilla (a savory-sweet pie typically made with chicken or pigeon), Harira (a traditional soup), and Tagines of various types.
  • The city’s bustling food markets are an excellent place to experience authentic Moroccan street food.

7. Tourism:

  • Fes attracts a wide range of tourists interested in its deep cultural roots, ancient architecture, and vibrant local crafts. The city is considered one of Morocco’s most authentic and less-commercialized destinations compared to places like Marrakech.
  • Major sites include the Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque, Bab Bou Jeloud (Blue Gate), the Dar Batha Museum, and the Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts and Crafts.

8. Festivals and Events:

  • Fes hosts the Fes Festival of World Sacred Music, a major cultural event that attracts musicians and performers from around the world, celebrating spiritual music in various traditions.
  • The city also holds the Festival of Sufi Culture, showcasing Sufi music, art, and thought, which reflects the city’s religious heritage.

9. Transportation:

  • Fes is accessible via Fes-Saïss Airport, which serves both domestic and international flights.
  • The city also has a train station that connects it to other major cities in Morocco, including Casablanca, Rabat, and Marrakech.
  • Since the medina is pedestrian-only, visitors often hire local guides or donkeys to help navigate the narrow streets.

Fes offers a unique blend of ancient tradition and modern influences, making it one of Morocco’s must-visit cities for history buffs, architecture lovers, and those seeking to immerse themselves in the rich Moroccan culture.