

Overview
Meknes is another of the imperial cities of northern Morocco. The grand gate of Bab Mansour opens to the old imperial city, with its arches and mosaic tiling. This city was formerly an important capital during the 17th century under Sultan Moulay Ismail, his Mausoleum with its tranquil courtyards and fountains being very representative. To the south are Heri es-Souani, the ruins of an immense edifice built to house the stables and as a food store.
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Meknes is one of Morocco’s four Imperial cities and is located in the northern part of the country. Rich in history and culture, it offers a blend of ancient architecture, imperial monuments, and modern urban development. Here is an overview of Meknes:
1. Historical Significance:
- Founded in the 11th century, Meknes was originally a Berber settlement of the Meknassa tribe, which gave the city its name.
- The city rose to prominence in the 17th century when Sultan Moulay Ismail made it his capital during the Alaouite dynasty. He is remembered for his ambitious building projects, aiming to make Meknes one of the greatest cities in Morocco.
- Meknes has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996 due to its well-preserved historical and architectural heritage.
2. Key Landmarks:
- Bab Mansour: This monumental gate is one of Meknes’ most iconic landmarks, known for its grand scale and intricate mosaic decoration. Completed in the early 18th century, it served as the main entrance to the imperial city.
- Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail: A major religious and historical site, the mausoleum is the resting place of Sultan Moulay Ismail. It features beautiful courtyards, fountains, and intricate tilework. The site is one of the few religious monuments in Morocco open to non-Muslims.
- Heri es-Souani: Located just outside the city, this vast structure was once used as royal granaries and stables during Sultan Moulay Ismail’s reign. The complex was designed to hold enough grain and food to sustain the city during sieges.
- Royal Palace: Although not open to the public, the Royal Palace in Meknes remains a significant symbol of the city’s imperial history.
- Dar Jamai Museum: Once a palace, this building now serves as a museum showcasing traditional Moroccan arts and crafts, including textiles, ceramics, and jewelry.
3. Meknes Medina:
- The old city, or medina, is a maze of narrow streets, traditional souks (markets), and historic buildings. It offers a more laid-back experience compared to the bustling medinas of Marrakech or Fes, but still provides an authentic Moroccan atmosphere.
- Key spots in the medina include the Mellah (Jewish Quarter) and various local souks where you can find everything from spices to artisan goods.
4. Imperial Architecture:
- Meknes is known for its massive walls and gates, many of which date back to the reign of Moulay Ismail. These fortifications, stretching over 40 kilometers, were built to protect the city and emphasize its status as an imperial capital.
- The city also boasts impressive palaces and mosques, reflecting the grandeur of its imperial past.
5. Roman Ruins of Volubilis:
- Just a short drive from Meknes lies Volubilis, an ancient Roman city and one of the best-preserved archaeological sites in North Africa. The ruins include spectacular mosaics, basilicas, and arches, offering insight into Morocco’s Roman history.
- Many tourists visit Meknes as a gateway to explore Volubilis, as the two cities are closely tied through history and culture.
6. Cultural and Religious Importance:
- Meknes holds religious significance as the site of the Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail, and the city is still a destination for pilgrims.
- The city is also known for its traditional Madrasas (Islamic schools), with notable examples including the Bou Inania Madrasa.
7. Festivals and Events:
- Meknes International Festival of Agriculture (SIAM): Meknes hosts one of the largest agricultural fairs in Africa, showcasing innovations in farming, livestock, and agricultural products.
- Meknes Festival of Popular Art: This event highlights traditional Moroccan music, dance, and culture, attracting both locals and tourists.
- Moulay Idriss Festival: This is a religious pilgrimage (or moussems) in honor of the founder of the first Moroccan Islamic dynasty, Moulay Idriss, held in a nearby town of the same name.
8. Modern Meknes:
- While retaining much of its historical charm, Meknes also has a modern side, particularly in the Ville Nouvelle (New Town), developed during the French protectorate. This area is home to cafes, hotels, and modern amenities.
- The Place el-Hedim square is a lively area that mirrors the famous Jemaa el-Fnaa square in Marrakech, featuring street performers, food stalls, and a vibrant market atmosphere.
9. Food and Cuisine:
- Like other Moroccan cities, Meknes is known for its traditional Moroccan dishes, including couscous, tagines, and harira (a traditional soup). Street food is also popular, with stands offering items like grilled meats, fresh fruits, and sweets.
- Meknes is situated in a fertile region and is well known for its olive oil and wine production. The nearby Meknes wine region produces some of Morocco’s best wines.
10. Transportation and Accessibility:
- Meknes is well-connected by train to other major cities like Casablanca, Rabat, and Fes, making it easily accessible for tourists.
- The nearest airport is Fes-Saïss Airport, located about an hour’s drive from Meknes.
- Many visitors use Meknes as a base for visiting Volubilis and the nearby holy town of Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, making it a key stop on historical and cultural tours of Morocco.
11. Economy:
- Agriculture plays a significant role in Meknes’ economy, with the surrounding areas being some of Morocco’s most fertile lands. The city is known for its production of olives, grapes, and citrus fruits.
- Meknes is also becoming increasingly popular for tourism, with its imperial past, UNESCO status, and proximity to historical sites like Volubilis attracting more visitors each year.
Meknes offers a more tranquil alternative to Morocco’s other imperial cities, providing visitors with a rich blend of history, culture, and architectural wonders without the hustle and bustle found in more tourist-heavy destinations. Its historical landmarks and proximity to key archaeological sites make it a fascinating place to explore.